Tuesday, July 15, 2014

Afghanistan

Presidents of Afghanistan
1.  King Zahir Shah                  Afghanistan
Last King of Afghanistan, reigned from 1933 until he was ousted by a coup in 1973, returned to Afghanistan in 2002 after the fall of the Taliban
Died from illness in July 2007
2. Sardar Mohammed Daud Khan                      Afghanistan
Led a coup that overthrew his cousin King Zahir Shah, established a republican government in 1973, declared himself first President of Afghanistan
Assassinated in 1978 by members of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (Afghan Communist party)

3. Babrak Karmal                      Afghanistan
Member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Soviets placed him as leader of Afghanistan in 1979 (official title--General Secretary), stayed in power until 1986 when the Soviets pushed him out in favor of Mohammad Najibullah
Died from liver cancer in December 1996

4. President Mohammad Najibullah                     Afghanistan

President of Afghanistan from 1987 to 1992 (when the Mujhadeen took over Kabul), was supported by the Soviets after they left, ousted from power in 1992, lived at the UN headquarters in Kabul until his death

Murdered by the Taliban in 1996

5.  Burhanuddin Rabbani           Afghanistan       

Mujhadeen leader, head of the Jama'at-e Islami, member of Muslim Brotherhood, participated in failed coup against Daoud Khan in 1973, one of founders of Mujhadeen in the 1970s, fought against the Soviets, President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992-1996, left office in 1996 when the Taliban took over Kabul, returned briefly as president in 2001, from 1996-2001 he served as the politic head of the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan which was part of the Northern Alliance that fought against the Taliban
Assassinated by a suicide bomber in September 2011

  
6. Hamid Karzai            Afghanistan
President of Afghanistan in 2004-2014
Hamid Karzai in August 2009 cropped.jpg
Mujhadeen
1.  Abdullah Yusuf Azzam            Palestinian

Palestinian cleric, spiritual founder of Hamas--the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood--the harldine Islamist rival to the secular-leftist PLO, moved to Afghanistan in 1979 and issued a Fatwa "Defense of the Muslim Lands, the First Obligation after Faith," OBL's mentor, sought to rebuild Afghanistan and then support Palestinians against Israel (OBL focused on "the head of the snake," the US)

Killed November 24, 1989, by car bomb

2.  Ahmad Shah Massoud          Tajikstan/Afghanistan

Northern Alliance military commander, called "Lion of Panjshir," master of guerrilla warfare, took over Kabul in 1992 as the communist regime crumbled, forced to flee in 1996 when the Taliban overtook Kabul, had a 20 year old rivalry with Gulbuddin Hikmetyar that was a determining reason why the Mujhadeen never united to form a coalition government, was bitter that Pakistan backed Hikmetyar and then later the Taliban

Supervisory Council of the North

Killed September 9, 2001
3.  Abdul Rasul Sayyaf 7              Afghanistan

Mujhadeen leader, member of Muslim Brotherhood, participated in failed coup against Daoud Khan in 1973, fought against Soviets in the 1980s, formed a close relationship with OBL in the 1980s, heavily supported by Saudi intelligence and Gulf charities, head of the Hizbul-Ittihad El-Islami (Islamic Union Party), accused of helping assassins of Massoud, claims he is an opponent of the Taliban though he shares similar views, joined the Northern Alliance, currently a member of Parliament in Afghanistan

Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan

4.  Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 7          Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, head of the Hezb-e Islami, member of Muslim Brotherhood, participated in failed coup against Daoud Khan in 1973, fought against the Soviets in the 1980s, one of many warlords that fought in civil war from 1992-1996 against Massoud, was Prime Minister during part of those years, was betrayed by Pakistani intelligence who decided to back the Taliban, escaped to Iran after Taliban took over in 1996, fled to Iran in 1997, currently in hiding along the Afghan-Pakistani border

Islamic Party/Hizb-i-Islami


5.  Burhanuddin Rabbani 7           Afghanistan       

Mujhadeen leader, head of the Jama'at-e Islami, member of Muslim Brotherhood, participated in failed coup against Daoud Khan in 1973, one of founders of Mujhadeen in the 1970s, fought against the Soviets, President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992-1996, left office in 1996 when the Taliban took over Kabul, returned briefly as president in 2001, from 1996-2001 he served as the politic head of the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan which was part of the Northern Alliance that fought against the Taliban

Islamic Society

Assassinated by a suicide bomber in September 2011

  
6.  Mohammad Yunus Khalis 7            Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, head of Hezb-i-Islami, fled to Pakistan in 1973 after the overthrow of Mohammad Zahir Shah, briefly joined with Hekmatyar but established his own group after the invasion by the Soviets, fought against the Soviets, joined the Afghan government after the Soviet government left, supportive of the Taliban

Islamic Party

Died in July 2006
7.  Ahmed Gailani 7                   Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, fled to Pakistan in 1979 during the Communist takeover, founder of the National Islamic Front of Afghanistan, fought the Soviets throughout the 1980s

National Islamic Front for Afghanistan

Died 2017

8.  Sibghatullah Mojaddedi 7                 Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, briefly served as Interim President after the fall of Mohammad Najibulla's government in April 1992, founder of the Afghan National Liberation Front, serves on the Afghan High Peace Council

National Liberation Front


9. Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi 7                  Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, founder of Harakat-I-Inqilab-I-Islami, served as Vice President of Afghanistan under the Mujahideen from 1992-96, maintained a good relationship with the Taliban

Islamic Revolution Movement

Died in April 2002 from tuberculosis

10.  Jalaluddin Haqqani                    Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, head of the Haqqani network, US ally against the Soviets, later in the Soviet war he grew very close to Pakistani and Saudi intelligence, friend of OBL during Soviet war, joined Taliban in 1995, military leader

Died in September 2018 from unknown illness


11.  Sirajuddin Haqqani               Afghanistan

Current leader of Haqqani network, son of Jalaluddin Haqqani, $10 million reward by US


12. Ismail Khan                  Afghanistan
In 1979 was a captain in the Afghan National Army, in 1979 led a coup in Herat against the Soviets, became a Mujhadeen leader, fought alongside Ahmad Shah Massoud in the 1980s, fought against the Taliban in the 1990s, fled to Iran after Abdul Rashid Dostum changed sides, later fought with the Northern Alliance, currently in Afghan government

13. Abdul Rashid Dostum                      Afghanistan
Squadron leader in Afghan army, fought against the Mujahdeen during the 1980s, defended the Soviet-backed Afghan government against the Mujahdeen, fought in a coalition with Ahmad Shah Massoud against Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, later fought with Gulbuddin Hekmatyar against the government of Rabbani, fought with the Northern Alliance against the Taliban, fled to Turkey after the Taliban took over, returned in 2001 to fight the Taliban, current Afghan VP


14. Abdul Haq                      Afghanistan
Joined the Mujahideen under the leadership of Mohammad Yunus Khalis, one of the CIA's earliest Afghan contacts, businessman in Dubai, family killed by Taliban, later joined with Massoud in Northern Alliance
Killed by Taliban in October 2001
Abdul Haq 1.jpg

15. Mullah Naqib                      Afghanistan
Fought against the Soviets and then became affiliated with Burhanuddin Rabbani, allowed the Taliban to takeover Kandahar in 1993, after 2001 he helped the new Afghan government against the Taliban
Died October 2007
Mullah Naqib Alokozay Kandahar-Tribe.jpg

15. Abdul Qadir                      Afghanistan
Brother of Abdul Haq, fought against Soviets, later member of Northern Alliance, opposed Taliban, fled to Dubai as businessman when Taliban took over, Vice President of Afghanistan from 2001 until death,
Killed by Taliban in July 2002

Image result for abdul qadir afghanistan
Taliban
  
1.  Mullah Mohammed Omar    Afghanistan

Spiritual leader of Taliban, wore Cloak of the Prophet Mohammed

Died April 2013
 

2. Mullah Mohammad Rabbani           Afghanistan
Prime Minister of Afghanistan September 27, 1996-April 13, 2001, one of the main founders of the Taliban, second in command only to Mohammed Omar
Died of liver cancer on April 15, 2001


3. Akhtar Mansour             Afghanistan

Leader of Taliban, July 29, 2015-May 21, 2016

Killed by U.S. drone strike on May 21, 2016

Mullah Akhtar Mansoor.jpg


4. Hibatullah Akhundzada           Afghanistan

Leader of Taliban, May 25, 2016-Present






Pashto/Persian nameLatin transliterationEnglish nameLeader
حزب اسلامی گلبدینHizb-e Islami GulbuddinIslamic Party (Gulbuddin faction)Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
حزب اسلامی خالص
Hizb-e Islami Khalis
Islamic Party (Khalis faction)Mulavi Younas Khalis (d. 2006)
جمعیت اسلامی افغانستانJamiat-e IslamiIslamic SocietyBurhanuddin Rabbani (k. 2011)
شوراء نظارShura-e Nazar
(an offshoot of Jamiat-e Islami)
Supervisory Council of the NorthAhmad Shah Massoud (k. 2001)
اتحاد اسلامی برای آزادی افغانستانIttehad-e Islami bara-ye Azadi-ye AfghanistanIslamic Union for the Liberation of AfghanistanAbdul Rasul Sayyaf
حمحاذ ملی اسلامی افغانستانMahaz-e Milli-ye Islami-ye AfghanistanNational Islamic Front for AfghanistanAhmed Gailani (d. 2017)
جبه نجات ملیJebh-e-Nejat-e MelliNational Liberation FrontSibghatullah Mojaddedi
حرکت انقلاب اسلامی افغانستانHarakat-i-Inqilab-i-IslamiIslamic Revolution MovementMohammad Nabi Mohammadi (d. 2002)

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