Presidents of Afghanistan
1. King Zahir Shah Afghanistan
Last King of Afghanistan, reigned from 1933 until he was ousted by a coup in 1973, returned to Afghanistan in 2002 after the fall of the Taliban
Died from illness in July 2007
2. Sardar Mohammed Daud Khan Afghanistan
Led a coup that overthrew his cousin King Zahir Shah, established a republican government in 1973, declared himself first President of Afghanistan
Assassinated in 1978 by members of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (Afghan Communist party)
3. Babrak Karmal Afghanistan
Member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Soviets placed him as leader of Afghanistan in 1979 (official title--General Secretary), stayed in power until 1986 when the Soviets pushed him out in favor of Mohammad Najibullah
Died from liver cancer in December 1996
4. President Mohammad Najibullah Afghanistan
President of Afghanistan from 1987 to 1992 (when the Mujhadeen took over Kabul), was supported by the Soviets after they left, ousted from power in 1992, lived at the UN headquarters in Kabul until his death
Murdered by the Taliban in 1996
5. Burhanuddin Rabbani Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, head of the Jama'at-e Islami, member of Muslim Brotherhood, participated in failed coup against Daoud Khan in 1973, one of founders of Mujhadeen in the 1970s, fought against the Soviets, President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992-1996, left office in 1996 when the Taliban took over Kabul, returned briefly as president in 2001, from 1996-2001 he served as the politic head of the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan which was part of the Northern Alliance that fought against the Taliban
Assassinated by a suicide bomber in September 2011
6. Hamid Karzai Afghanistan
President of Afghanistan in 2004-2014
Mujhadeen
1. Abdullah Yusuf Azzam Palestinian
Palestinian cleric, spiritual founder of Hamas--the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood--the harldine Islamist rival to the secular-leftist PLO, moved to Afghanistan in 1979 and issued a Fatwa "Defense of the Muslim Lands, the First Obligation after Faith," OBL's mentor, sought to rebuild Afghanistan and then support Palestinians against Israel (OBL focused on "the head of the snake," the US)
Killed November 24, 1989, by car bomb
2. Ahmad Shah Massoud Tajikstan/Afghanistan
Northern Alliance military commander, called "Lion of Panjshir," master of guerrilla warfare, took over Kabul in 1992 as the communist regime crumbled, forced to flee in 1996 when the Taliban overtook Kabul, had a 20 year old rivalry with Gulbuddin Hikmetyar that was a determining reason why the Mujhadeen never united to form a coalition government, was bitter that Pakistan backed Hikmetyar and then later the Taliban
Supervisory Council of the North
Supervisory Council of the North
Killed September 9, 2001
3. Abdul Rasul Sayyaf 7 Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, member of Muslim Brotherhood, participated in failed coup against Daoud Khan in 1973, fought against Soviets in the 1980s, formed a close relationship with OBL in the 1980s, heavily supported by Saudi intelligence and Gulf charities, head of the Hizbul-Ittihad El-Islami (Islamic Union Party), accused of helping assassins of Massoud, claims he is an opponent of the Taliban though he shares similar views, joined the Northern Alliance, currently a member of Parliament in Afghanistan
Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
4. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 7 Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, head of the Hezb-e Islami, member of Muslim Brotherhood, participated in failed coup against Daoud Khan in 1973, fought against the Soviets in the 1980s, one of many warlords that fought in civil war from 1992-1996 against Massoud, was Prime Minister during part of those years, was betrayed by Pakistani intelligence who decided to back the Taliban, escaped to Iran after Taliban took over in 1996, fled to Iran in 1997, currently in hiding along the Afghan-Pakistani border
Islamic Party/Hizb-i-Islami
Islamic Party/Hizb-i-Islami
5. Burhanuddin Rabbani 7 Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, head of the Jama'at-e Islami, member of Muslim Brotherhood, participated in failed coup against Daoud Khan in 1973, one of founders of Mujhadeen in the 1970s, fought against the Soviets, President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992-1996, left office in 1996 when the Taliban took over Kabul, returned briefly as president in 2001, from 1996-2001 he served as the politic head of the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan which was part of the Northern Alliance that fought against the Taliban
Islamic Society
Islamic Society
Assassinated by a suicide bomber in September 2011
6. Mohammad Yunus Khalis 7 Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, head of Hezb-i-Islami, fled to Pakistan in 1973 after the overthrow of Mohammad Zahir Shah, briefly joined with Hekmatyar but established his own group after the invasion by the Soviets, fought against the Soviets, joined the Afghan government after the Soviet government left, supportive of the Taliban
Islamic Party
Died in July 2006
7. Ahmed Gailani 7 Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, fled to Pakistan in 1979 during the Communist takeover, founder of the National Islamic Front of Afghanistan, fought the Soviets throughout the 1980s
National Islamic Front for Afghanistan
Died 2017
National Islamic Front for Afghanistan
Died 2017
8. Sibghatullah Mojaddedi 7 Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, briefly served as Interim President after the fall of Mohammad Najibulla's government in April 1992, founder of the Afghan National Liberation Front, serves on the Afghan High Peace Council
National Liberation Front
National Liberation Front
9. Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi 7 Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, founder of Harakat-I-Inqilab-I-Islami, served as Vice President of Afghanistan under the Mujahideen from 1992-96, maintained a good relationship with the Taliban
Islamic Revolution Movement
Died in April 2002 from tuberculosis
10. Jalaluddin Haqqani Afghanistan
Mujhadeen leader, head of the Haqqani network, US ally against the Soviets, later in the Soviet war he grew very close to Pakistani and Saudi intelligence, friend of OBL during Soviet war, joined Taliban in 1995, military leader
Died in September 2018 from unknown illness
11. Sirajuddin Haqqani Afghanistan
Current leader of Haqqani network, son of Jalaluddin Haqqani, $10 million reward by US
12. Ismail Khan Afghanistan
In 1979 was a captain in the Afghan National Army, in 1979 led a coup in Herat against the Soviets, became a Mujhadeen leader, fought alongside Ahmad Shah Massoud in the 1980s, fought against the Taliban in the 1990s, fled to Iran after Abdul Rashid Dostum changed sides, later fought with the Northern Alliance, currently in Afghan government
13. Abdul Rashid Dostum Afghanistan
Squadron leader in Afghan army, fought against the Mujahdeen during the 1980s, defended the Soviet-backed Afghan government against the Mujahdeen, fought in a coalition with Ahmad Shah Massoud against Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, later fought with Gulbuddin Hekmatyar against the government of Rabbani, fought with the Northern Alliance against the Taliban, fled to Turkey after the Taliban took over, returned in 2001 to fight the Taliban, current Afghan VP
14. Abdul Haq Afghanistan
Joined the Mujahideen under the leadership of Mohammad Yunus Khalis, one of the CIA's earliest Afghan contacts, businessman in Dubai, family killed by Taliban, later joined with Massoud in Northern Alliance
Killed by Taliban in October 2001
15. Mullah Naqib Afghanistan
Fought against the Soviets and then became affiliated with Burhanuddin Rabbani, allowed the Taliban to takeover Kandahar in 1993, after 2001 he helped the new Afghan government against the Taliban
Died October 2007
15. Abdul Qadir Afghanistan
Brother of Abdul Haq, fought against Soviets, later member of Northern Alliance, opposed Taliban, fled to Dubai as businessman when Taliban took over, Vice President of Afghanistan from 2001 until death,
Killed by Taliban in July 2002
Taliban
2. Mullah Mohammad Rabbani Afghanistan
Prime Minister of Afghanistan September 27, 1996-April 13, 2001, one of the main founders of the Taliban, second in command only to Mohammed Omar
Pashto/Persian name | Latin transliteration | English name | Leader |
---|---|---|---|
حزب اسلامی گلبدین | Hizb-e Islami Gulbuddin | Islamic Party (Gulbuddin faction) | Gulbuddin Hekmatyar |
حزب اسلامی خالص |
Hizb-e
Islami Khalis
| Islamic Party (Khalis faction) | Mulavi Younas Khalis (d. 2006) |
جمعیت اسلامی افغانستان | Jamiat-e Islami | Islamic Society | Burhanuddin Rabbani (k. 2011) |
شوراء نظار | Shura-e Nazar (an offshoot of Jamiat-e Islami) | Supervisory Council of the North | Ahmad Shah Massoud (k. 2001) |
اتحاد اسلامی برای آزادی افغانستان | Ittehad-e Islami bara-ye Azadi-ye Afghanistan | Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan | Abdul Rasul Sayyaf |
حمحاذ ملی اسلامی افغانستان | Mahaz-e Milli-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan | National Islamic Front for Afghanistan | Ahmed Gailani (d. 2017) |
جبه نجات ملی | Jebh-e-Nejat-e Melli | National Liberation Front | Sibghatullah Mojaddedi |
حرکت انقلاب اسلامی افغانستان | Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami | Islamic Revolution Movement | Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi (d. 2002) |
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